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The enormous investments that the US and Venezuela have promised from their new oil production deal have brought cautious optimism that Venezuelans face a new period of prosperity after more than a decade of economic and social turmoil.

As the country with the world’s largest proven reserves of crude oil, some analysts expect Venezuela to reap some benefits from foreign investment even before it begins to increase production.

But its biggest economic gains will take time to unfold, analysts warn, and it remains unclear exactly when the general population will feel the effects.

Some residents have expressed fears the US will extract the greatest profits and leave little left over for them.