Your team ships an internal AI assistant grounded on company documents. The demo is excellent: ask about the refund policy, and the model answers with confident prose. Then production happens.

A customer asks about a refund exception that lives in a footnote, an old policy PDF outranks the current one, the retrieved chunk contradicts the billing system, and the assistant answers anyway. Support escalates it. The obvious fix feels mechanical: add more documents, tune the chunk size, add a reranker, tell the model to “be careful.”

But the deeper problem is not that the model lacked text to read. The problem is that the system had no reliable way to decide:

What information is allowed to be used?

What information is current enough to trust?