Toyota will put a rival to Tesla’s Full Self-Driving on its 2028 models and sell it as “Level 2++“, a marketing label that keeps the driver in charge, with a guardrail layer over the neural network. Europe approves this class of system under UN Regulation 171, but from 9 December the Product Liability Directive treats stand-alone software as a product regardless of the badge.
Toyota will put a rival to Tesla’s Full Self-Driving on its 2028 models. It is being sold as “Level 2++“, InsideEVs reported.
That label is not an SAE classification. It is a marketing term for something between Level 2 and Level 3, where the driver remains in charge throughout.
The engineering differs from Tesla’s. Instead of one end-to-end network, Toyota will add a guardrail layer that blocks unexpected behaviour against parameters set by humans in advance, Nikkei reported.
The liability is decided before the car ships. “We’ll develop Level 4 technology from a technical standpoint, but offer it commercially as Level 2++,” said Akihiro Sarada, who heads Toyota’s software development centre.
