Unlike cholesterol, there is no approved therapy to lower levels of Lp(a)

An illustration of a lipoprotein(a) particle. Lp(a), as it’s abbreviated, is a blob of lipids and proteins that can drive the formation of plaques and make blood clots more likely.JUAN GAERTNER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

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Many people who face a heightened likelihood of heart disease and heart attacks can take protective measures, whether by adjusting their lifestyle or starting medication. But 1 in 5 people carry a risk factor that isn’t so easily addressed.

This gap in medicine is also a potentially massive market for drugmakers, which are advancing experimental treatments for the risk factor through late-stage trials, including front-runner Novartis.