Decades of improper industrial waste management have contaminated groundwater with toxic hexavalent chromium across parts of three districts of Uttar Pradesh, exposing villagers to unsafe water and serious health risks.Groundwater from handpumps glows bright yellow in different villages of these districts — a telltale sign of toxic hexavalent chromium contamination. Patches of yellow-green earth can also be seen in villages across these districts, revealing the illegal dumps and toxicity hiding beneath the surface.The dumping started from 1976, as per the National Green Tribunal (NGT). But it was scattered across different districts at different points of time.The earliest and largest chromium dump came up around 1976 in Rania, Kanpur Dehat, as per NGT reports. There were 62,225 metric tonnes of chromium waste dumped there. It was removed only about a year ago, following NGT orders and missed deadlines. There is an NGT direction to erect a boundary wall around it to minimise the dust from flying out, but the hazards remain.Over the last five years, the government collected blood samples of people living in the affected areas. It was found that 73%-96% of the samples had levels of hexavalent chromium above safe limits, according to a 2025 government report. But despite years of complaints and legal intervention, the government’s efforts to identify contaminated areas, provide safe drinking water and healthcare, and clean up toxic waste remain slow and inadequate.Sadly, many villages with contaminated groundwater or chemical dumps are not even part of the State government’s list of identified chromium-affected areas, indicating that the actual affected area is even larger than what the government has accepted so far, and thousands more people could be at risk.Text by Nikhil M. BabuPhoto: