Nigeria’s Dangote refinery is emerging as a major challenger to American fuel exporters in Europe as wars and shipping disruptions redraw global petroleum trade routes.

Refiners in the United States and India have increased exports as attacks and restrictions disrupt supplies from the Middle East and Russia, Reuters reported on Wednesday, citing government statistics, shipping data, analysts and traders.

The disruptions have left major importing countries searching for alternative supplies of diesel, petrol and aviation fuel. They have also created an opening for the Dangote refinery, which has moved beyond serving Nigeria and other African markets to become an important supplier to Europe.

US refiners exported a record 1.9 million barrels per day of distillates, including diesel and heating oil, during the week ended 7 August, according to US government data.

American jet-fuel exports reached 443,000 barrels per day during the same period, just below the record of 455,000 barrels per day recorded in May.