The European Union's retreat from investor citizenship is reshaping the global investment-migration market, but the demand for second passports, international mobility and alternative residence options has not disappeared.
Instead, African countries are expanding or developing investment-migration programmes aimed at attracting wealthy individuals and foreign capital, creating a growing market of citizenship-by-investment and residency-by-investment options across the continent.
The shift comes as a new 519-page report by Kestrel Private examines what happened to demand after European Union member states ended formal investor-citizenship programmes.
Titled After the EU's Golden Passports: What Ended, What Remains, and How a Lawful Structured Alternative Should Be Assessed, the report draws on 267 sources and argues that the end of Europe's transactional citizenship programmes did not eliminate the motivations that drove demand for them.
Those motivations include geographic diversification, easier international mobility, lawful residence, access to international assets and greater flexibility for families.
