Before the age of smartphones, a mobile phone did just the basics of making calls, sending texts and playing games like “Snake.”

Today, children are capable of scrolling through the internet, downloading and using countless apps, and playing games. Recent studies show that ownership and heavy usage now frequently begin before pre-adolescence.

In the past decade, children have started using smartphones earlier and more frequently than in the past, driven by digital learning, social connection and parental reliance.

According to the United Nations Children’s Fund, “Children are spending more time in the digital world than ever before, often without realising it.”

From smart toys and voice assistants to video games, chatbots and learning apps, artificial intelligence has become part of their everyday lives.