ReferencesKudzin, M. H., Piwowarska, D., Festinger, N. & Chruściel, J. J. Risks associated with the presence of polyvinyl chloride in the environment and methods for its disposal and utilization. Materials 17, 173 (2024).Article

Google Scholar

Statista. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production volume worldwide in 2018 and 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/720296/global-polyvinyl-chloride-market-size-in-tons/ (2018).ten Hietbrink, S., Materić, D., Holzinger, R., Groeskamp, S. & Niemann, H. Nanoplastic concentrations across the North Atlantic. Nature 643, 412–416 (2025).Article

PubMed

PubMed Central