Economy: Bogotá

Key Facts

—Scale. A Universidad EAFIT study estimates Colombia’s illegal gold economy moves about US$3.5 billion a year and generates roughly US$3 billion in added value, about 0.8% of GDP.

—Comparison. That size is comparable to Colombia’s coffee exports and equal to about a third of the cocaine economy, the researchers say.

—Laundering. The study finds around 72% of Colombia’s ‘legal’ gold exports are actually illegally sourced metal that gains legal paperwork before shipping.