Ask most people why Kashmir's apple growers struggle and the answers come quickly: the climate is turning hostile and cheap imported fruit is undercutting them.

Srinagar-based Ehsan Quddusi thinks both answers miss the point.

To him they are symptoms.

The disease, as he describes it, is something quieter and more fixable.

“The real bottleneck is decision quality,” says Quddusi, who founded Orchardly in 2021 with two friends.