Why Monte Carlo?

Monte Carlo simulation is the Swiss Army knife of quantitative finance. When analytical solutions don't exist, we simulate: generate thousands of possible future price paths, price the derivative on each path, then average and discount.

The method is named after the Monaco casino — a nod to randomness. But there's nothing gambling about it when done correctly.

Simulating Asset Prices with GBM

The geometric Brownian motion (GBM) model is the starting point: