Why Monte Carlo?
Monte Carlo simulation is the Swiss Army knife of quantitative finance. When analytical solutions don't exist, we simulate: generate thousands of possible future price paths, price the derivative on each path, then average and discount.
The method is named after the Monaco casino — a nod to randomness. But there's nothing gambling about it when done correctly.
Simulating Asset Prices with GBM
The geometric Brownian motion (GBM) model is the starting point:







