Key Facts
—The study. The Catholic University’s social debt observatory published its Working Paper 2026/1 on July 8, covering 2010 to 2025.
—The thesis. Researchers call it labour disintegration without open unemployment.
—The switch. Jobless people moving into informal self-employment rose from 24.1% to 29.5% between the 2011-13 and 2023-25 windows.
—The mirror. Over the same windows, jobless people reaching a formal or public post fell from 24.1% to 19.6%.










