Last week we ran accessibility audits across multiple sites. Different industries, different tech stacks, different teams.

The same three problems kept showing up.

Not similar problems. The exact same patterns, reproduced independently, causing the same failures for keyboard users and screen reader users across every site we reviewed.

That's what makes these worth documenting. When something appears consistently across unrelated projects, it's not a coincidence, it's an industry-wide gap in how accessibility gets implemented.

This article covers the three patterns, the exact code behind each one, and the fix. No abstractions.