Although increasingly limited, China's dependencies on the EU in strategic technologies have not disappeared.
In today's increasingly tense geopolitical environment, closing this gap has become an urgent priority for Beijing. The country's 15th Five-Year Plan, unveiled last March, places technological self-reliance at the heart of its industrial strategy through 2030.
In semiconductors, aerospace technologies, pharmaceuticals, automotive chips, robotics and quantum computing, European companies still supply products that remain essential to China.
As trade tensions with Beijing intensify, could these dependencies give Europe leverage? Most experts are sceptical. China’s monopoly over rare earths — essential for Europe’s green technologies and defence industry — is a far more powerful weapon that could be used in retaliation against the EU.
"China really has a choke point when it comes to minerals, but we don't have an equivalent choke point, which is very powerful,” Tobias Gehrke, an expert at the European Council on Foreign Relations, told Euronews.
