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For decades, oil and natural gas defined power in the Middle East. Control over hydrocarbon resources shaped alliances, triggered conflicts and influenced the global economy. Today, however, a quieter but equally significant competition is emerging beneath the surface. The next strategic battle in West Asia may not be fought over oil fields or gas pipelines, but over the critical minerals required to power the global energy transition.
As governments around the world accelerate efforts to reduce carbon emissions, demand for electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, batteries and advanced digital technologies is increasing rapidly. These industries rely heavily on critical minerals such as lithium, copper, cobalt, nickel and rare earth elements. Without them, the green transition cannot occur. As a result, access to critical mineral supply chains is becoming a matter of national security.
