International applicants are navigating a “potentially confusing mix” of Home Office-approved English language tests, at a time of increased attention on student visas.

A report by the UK Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA) finds that knowing which tests are accepted by target universities is a key consideration for applicants from overseas, but that there is “considerable uncertainty” around which do qualify.

The lack of clarity is further compounded by uncertainty about more general immigration requirements and “how these are communicated to students”, the report claims.

The findings arise as the Home Office works to find a preferred English language testing service.

The government announced a £1.1 billion tender for one supplier to develop a single bespoke test in August 2024.