Russian forces have installed an additional Pantsir anti-aircraft missile and gun system near the facility, Defense Express reported. The complex was placed at an exit from the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD), several hundred meters from the refinery’s territory.JOIN US ON TELEGRAMFollow our coverage of the war on the @Kyivpost_official. Signs of frontline Rrlocation and ammunition shortages Analysts highlighted two specific details regarding the installed system. First, the Pantsir’s cabin is equipped with a protective net. These structures, designed to defend against strike drones, are standard for equipment operating directly on or near the frontline. Previously, such nets were not observed on air defense systems assigned to protect Moscow. Analysts suggest this indicates the system was redeployed from other regions or frontline positions to defend the capital. (Satellite image by Defence Express) Second, the photographed Pantsir has an incomplete ammunition load. The launchers on the right side of the turret hold at least two out of a possible six missiles. Given that systems protecting strategic assets like oil refineries are expected to maintain full readiness to repel UAV attacks, this reduced payload may indicate a shortage of anti-aircraft missiles. According to Defense Express, the Moscow Oil Refinery is already covered by another Pantsir system, which was previously installed on a tower in a forested area outside the plant’s territory. In total, the facility is located behind three rings of air defense created around the Russian capital, with a fourth currently forming.