The US government has directly warned ASML, the Dutch company that holds a global monopoly on extreme ultraviolet lithography machines, that it suspects one of those machines may have been transferred to China. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick raised the concern during meetings in April 2026, adding a new flashpoint to the already tense semiconductor cold war between Washington and Beijing.
ASML has denied the allegation. The company circulated a document in Washington titled “No indication of any ASML EUV system in China,” pushing back firmly against the suggestion that any of its most advanced equipment ended up where it shouldn’t have.
Why one machine matters this much
Here’s the thing about EUV lithography machines: there is exactly one company on Earth that makes them, and that’s ASML. These machines are the bottleneck for producing the most advanced semiconductors, the chips below 7nm that power everything from cutting-edge AI models to high-performance computing clusters.
That’s precisely why the US has been pressuring the Netherlands to restrict EUV exports to China since at least 2018. What started as informal diplomatic requests eventually hardened into formal restrictions designed to cap China’s ability to manufacture state-of-the-art semiconductors domestically.
