They said they sold the memberships by assuring the victims they could be resold at a substantial profit.

They explained that some of the 23 companies teamed up, bouncing victims back and forth between their businesses to keep them trapped in a cycle of fraud.

Police officers question the suspects in a holiday membership fraud. Photo by VTV

They are questioning 187 suspects. The case is still under investigation and police have yet to announce which specific charges the suspects are facing.

The Ministry of Public Security recently issued a warning about individuals and organizations exploiting the "holiday membership contract" business model to defraud consumers.