Perpetual futures, the contracts that never expire and dominate crypto trading volume, function almost identically to a total return swap on the underlying asset. Longs pay shorts (or vice versa) through periodic funding rate payments that keep the contract price tethered to the spot market. When everyone wants to be long at the same time, those payments get expensive.
In English: a total return swap is a deal where one party gets all the gains (and losses) of an asset, while the other party gets a financing payment in return. That’s exactly what happens every eight hours on platforms like Binance and OKX when funding rates are calculated and exchanged between longs and shorts.
When funding rates climb above 0.3% per eight-hour interval, the math gets punishing quickly. That translates to roughly 0.9% in daily costs just to hold a long position. Traders paying those rates are making a very specific bet: that the asset will appreciate fast enough to more than offset the cost of carrying the position.
In March 2026, Amundi launched a $100 million tokenized fund built on Ethereum and Stellar rails that explicitly utilizes collateralized total return swaps. That’s one of Europe’s largest asset managers building institutional-grade products that tap into the same mechanics that power crypto perpetual futures.
