SpaceX employees celebrate the market close of the SpaceX IPO at Nasdaq MarketSite in New York City, Friday. AFP-Yonhap Korean investors were shut out of SpaceX's record-breaking initial public offering (IPO) after domestic underwriters, including Mirae Asset Securities, failed to receive any shares in the final allocation process, according to industry officials Sunday.Shares in the Elon Musk-led aerospace and satellite company surged more than 19 percent from their IPO price in their Nasdaq debut on Friday. The gain gave SpaceX a market value of $2.1 trillion and made Musk the world's first trillionaire on paper.Domestic investors, however, were left empty-handed.SpaceX had initially earmarked 2.31 million shares for Mirae Asset Securities out of the 555.6 million common shares sold in the offering. But Goldman Sachs, the lead underwriter, ultimately allocated no saleable shares to any Korean members of the underwriting syndicate.Market participants attributed the move to stronger-than-expected demand from institutional investors, prompting the lead underwriter to redirect shares elsewhere.Interest from Korean investors was intense from the outset. Mirae Asset Securities conducted two rounds of subscription orders on June 5 and June 8 for SpaceX shares worth a combined $500 million, with demand reportedly filling the books within minutes.After receiving no final allocation, the brokerage refunded all subscription deposits early Saturday.The failed allocation also disrupted plans by local asset managers to add SpaceX to their exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which many retail investors had turned to as an indirect way of gaining exposure to the highly anticipated listing.According to the Korea Exchange, the combined net assets of nine Korea-listed space-related ETFs stood at 5.2 trillion won ($3.58 billion) as of Thursday, up about 1.4 trillion won from a month earlier amid growing anticipation for SpaceX's market debut.Korea Investment Management had initially planned to raise SpaceX's weighting in its ACE US Space Tech Active ETF to as much as 25 percent using shares acquired through the IPO as well as purchases made after the listing.Mirae Asset Global Investments had also sought to gain exposure through products including the TIGER Global AI Active ETF and TIGER Global AI Power Infrastructure Active ETF.Neither manager ultimately received shares through the offering.The outcome sparked frustration among retail investors who had expected the funds to gain immediate exposure to the aerospace company."How were we supposed to know the fund manager was bluffing?" one user wrote in the comment section of a YouTube channel focused on the U.S. stock market.