TL;DR
Most multi-agent Claude Code stacks are missing the layer that decides how to think about the problem before any agent touches it. This is what that layer looks like in practice. Cynefin classification as the first routing decision. Specs as conjunctions of sub-hypotheses with explicit Bayesian priors. Gates as a scheduled rotation of cognitive tools rather than checkpoints. Theory of Constraints as runtime state. Falsifiability as the default for every claim.
The missing layer
Most multi-agent Claude Code is a planner LLM, N subagents, and a prayer. The piece that's almost always missing is the decision-making layer that picks how to think about the problem before any agent touches it.
If you're running multi-agent workflows and you can't answer "what regime is this work in" before the planner generates a task tree, the rest is hope.
