In the 2026 Indonesia–US Agreement on Reciprocal Trade, the phrase “Indonesia shall” appears more than 200 times. “United States shall” appears in just nine. The agreement may not hold up under international law.
Presidents of USA and Indonesia with the trade agreement they signed.
Source: Kementerian Sekretariat Kabinet Rep. Indonesia 2026 CC BY 2.0
In the 2026 Indonesia–US Agreement on Reciprocal Trade, the phrase “Indonesia shall” appears more than 200 times. “United States shall” appears in just nine. The agreement may not hold up under international law.
The Agreement on Reciprocal Trade (ART), signed by Indonesia and the United States in February 2026, has triggered wide debate among legal scholars, economists and policymakers.
