“India's talks with Zambia over critical minerals mining have stalled ​amid a lack of assurances from Lusaka on mining ‌rights,” two sources familiar with the matter told ​Reuters.

India last year received an allocation ⁠of 9,000 square km (3,474.92 square miles) to explore cobalt — a key component in batteries for electric vehicles and mobile ‌phones — as well as copper, widely used in power generation, electronics and construction.

India dispatched a ‌team of geologists last year, who have since ‌returned ⁠with samples of minerals, including cobalt and copper.

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The ⁠exploration programme in Zambia was set to run for three years, after which New Delhi had planned to invite private sector ​companies to participate, ‌subject to securing mining rights. It was not immediately clear why Zambia was withholding assurances for mining rights.