Thinktank says about 1.2m Russians troops killed, wounded or gone missing to date and 600,000 Ukrainians

The number of Russian and Ukrainian troops killed, wounded or gone missing in nearly four years of war could reach 2 million by this spring, according to a study, as Moscow’s invasion shows no sign of abating.

A report by the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) estimates Russia has had about 1.2 million casualties, including as many as 325,000 deaths, while close to 600,000 Ukrainian troops have been killed, wounded or gone missing.

Since Vladimir Putin launched his full-scale invasion of Ukraine, neither side has publicly disclosed comprehensive casualty figures, treating the scale of losses as a closely guarded state secret.

The Kremlin on Wednesday dismissed the CSIS report as “not credible”, insisting that only defence ministry had the authority to release Russian casualty figures.