The fatal shooting of Renee Nicole Good by an agent of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency in Minneapolis on Jan. 7 – and the non-fatal shooting of two others by Border Patrol agents in Portland, Oregon, the following day – have raised the number of immigration-related gun incidents to 44 since June 2025.

Four civilians have been killed and seven others have been wounded in those incidents.

That’s according to The Trace, a nonprofit newsroom that tracks gun violence and firearm policy. The organization collaborated with USA TODAY on a previous story.

Incidents were noted in cases where immigration agents fired or displayed weapons to civilians in locations across the country. That includes firing pepper balls, which can cause significant injuries, at onlookers and protesters.

Data collection began in June 2025, after President Donald Trump announced a boost on immigration enforcement.