None of the options now look appealing for Macron, from his perspective at least. And for France, the road ahead promises more of the political uncertainty that is eroding investor confidence in the European Union’s second-largest economy and is frustrating efforts to rein in France’s damaging state deficit and debts.

Domestic turmoil also risks diverting Macron’s focus from pressing international issues — wars in Gaza and Ukraine, security threats from Russia, and the muscular use of American power by U.S. President Donald Trump, to name just a few.

Here’s a closer look at the latest act in the unprecedented political drama that’s been roiling France since Macron stunned the nation by dissolving the National Assembly in June 2024, triggering fresh legislative elections that then stacked Parliament’s powerful lower house with his opponents:

A 14-hour government collapses

When Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu tendered his resignation on Monday morning, he pulled the rug from under the new Cabinet that he’d named less than 14 hours earlier, on Sunday night. The collapse of the blink-and-you-missed-it government — with ministers out of a job before they’d even had a chance to settle in — was a bad look for Macron, bordering on farcical for his critics.