Leaders due to formalise agreement to set defence spending at 5% but comments from US president over collective defence cause stir

Heads of state and government from 32 Nato member countries are gathering in The Hague this morning for a summit seeking to project unity and resolve in the face of growing security challenges from Russia and China.

On paper, the plan is clear: formalise a new defence spending target of 5% of GDP and demonstrate that European allies are stepping up.

But, as often these days, uncertainty looms.

US president Donald Trump has already stirred some unease ahead of the summit by appearing to distance himself from Nato’s critical Article 5, which commits members to collective defence.