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Through revolution and upheaval, the program has become intertwined with the country’s security and national identity.
By Mark Landler
Mark Landler covered nuclear negotiations between the United States and Iran as a White House correspondent during the Obama administration.
President Trump declared a “spectacular military success,” saying that American bombs had knocked out key pillars of Iran’s nuclear program. Even if he is right, the operation may not have delivered a death blow to a program that is deeply embedded in Iran’s history, culture, sense of security, and national identity.














