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By Jeffrey Toobin

Mr. Toobin is a contributing Opinion writer and the author of “The Pardon: The Politics of Presidential Mercy.”

The Trump administration has declared war on a number of enemies. The tools vary, but so far the administration seems to be using the power of investigations more than criminal charges.

It might seem that an investigation is a less punishing experience. But for the targets of those inquiries, the costs — in money, reputation and emotional suffering — may be nearly as great as if the president and his team had brought prosecutions.