High-school students across Asia are pulling ahead of their Western peers, an annual global assessment indicates, as artificial intelligence spurs a worldwide race for talent and reshapes how young people learn.

More than half of 15-year-olds did not achieve the national proficiency standard in maths, according to new PISA results, which show China and Singapore in the lead.

Global 15-year-olds show weakest performance in reading, math, and science tests. Reading scores declined significantly, with students now performing at a lower level. Mathematics…