Venezuela's central bank file shows 1.94 billion banknotes at end-August 2026, up 40.5 percent since January - while the dollar value of the cash stock

Venezuela's bolívar cash is worth about US$3 to US$5 per person. How 28 million people pay without banknotes — and why a vault theory failed its own

Venezuela's central bank file shows 1.94 billion banknotes at end-August 2026, up 40.5 percent since January - while the dollar value of the cash stock