Why are urban birds using 'cigarette butts' in their nests? In urban landscapes, birds have taken to using cigarette filters in their nests as a defensive measure against parasites. Research reveals that the nicotine within these filters is effective in repelling mites. This adaptation highlights how birds are adjusting to environments shaped by human activity. Yet, the use of cigarette butts simultaneously exposes them to dangerous carcinogens, creating a tricky dilemma for these avian populations.