In 2022, the Hunga Tonga eruption sent huge amounts of water vapour into the stratosphere, causing changes in ozone levels and radiation effects

On 15 January 2022, an underwater volcano in the South Pacific sent an extraordinary amount of water vapour into a part of the atmosphere that is normally very dry. The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption pushed the moisture high into the stratosphere, with the plume reaching as far as about 53 kilometres above Earth.

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