Construction projects rarely go over budget because of a single catastrophic failure. More often, overruns are the compounded result of smaller decisions made long before the project reaches site, unrealistic timelines, incomplete scope definitions, and teams operating from fragmented, siloed information. In an industry navigating tight margins and growing economic uncertainty, leaders can no longer afford to treat cost overruns as inevitable. According to a 2022 McKinsey & Company analysis of more than 500 large-scale global projects, average cost overruns reached 79%, while delays averaged 52% against original timelines. McKinsey noted that these outcomes point not only to delivery challenges, but also to poor cost and schedule estimates made during project approval and planning phases.