Africa is facing one of the world’s great energy windfalls. The continent holds roughly 125 billion barrels of confirmed oil reserves and more than 620 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, implying vast additional deposits still waiting to be discovered. At the same time, some 600 million Africans have no electricity at home and this figure has not fallen since the COVID-19 pandemic. On current trends, it will still exceed half a billion in 2030. The problem is not geological but political.