An English oak forest has spent years breathing tomorrow's air. Scientists are only now discovering what happened underground

In a woodland in Staffordshire, rings of pipes have been pumping extra carbon dioxide over 180-year-old oak trees every growing season since 2017, giving scientists a rare, decade-long window into how mature forests might behave in a warmer, more carbon-rich future. The facility, known as BIFoR FACE and run by the University of Birmingham, raises CO2 levels inside its treatment rings to around 573 parts per million, close to what the whole atmosphere is projected to reach by the 2050s, compared to roughly 424 parts per million in untreated control rings nearby.

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