How seabird poop transformed Peru's desert into farmland and built a powerful ancient kingdom

On Peru’s dry coastal plains, where farming has always depended on careful management of scarce resources, an unlikely material appears to have played a major role in shaping one of the region’s most influential pre-Inca societies. Seabird guano, collected from offshore islands and carried back to fields, may have helped the Chincha kingdom transform difficult desert landscapes into productive farmland.

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