In the early 1900s, America planted European beachgrass to hold coastal sand in place; it later transformed natural dunes and displaced native wildlife

More than a century ago, a European grass was introduced to the western coast of North America because of its ability to stabilise shifting sand dunes and reduce erosion. Today, European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria), also known as marram grass, is considered a highly destructive invasive species in coastal dune environments.

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