Some brown bears in Spain's Cantabrian Mountains have been observed faking their size. These bears climb trees and other elevated surfaces to leave territorial marks. This deception strategy helps smaller males avoid direct confrontations with larger rivals. Researchers documented this rare behavior in a small percentage of tracked male bears. The findings add complexity to the known communication systems of these animals.

The Journal of Mammalogy, using camera traps, finds some brown bears fake their size and threat with over-high marks, opening new lines on mammalian cunning.

The "Journal of Mammalogy" reports, via camera‑trap studies, that some "Ursus arctos" exaggerate scent‑mark height to fake size, revealing mammalian guile.