Global supply chains for critical minerals face acute economic security challenges. China's export controls on rare earth elements impacted downstream industries significantly. Critical mineral prices rebounded sharply in 2025 and early 2026. Top refining nations, led by China, accounted for most refined supply growth. Strategic stockpiles offer a short-term buffer against supply disruptions.

Global supply chains for critical minerals face acute economic security challenges. China's export controls on rare earth elements impacted downstream industries significantly. …

China's export controls on rare earth elements threaten $6.5 trillion global supply chains, driving critical mineral price surges and impacting downstream industries significantly.