By selling directly to refiners and joint-venture partners, Venezuela captures higher realized prices while reshaping crude trading flows and Gulf Coast refining economics.

PDVSA está retomando gradualmente su modelo de negocios previo a las sanciones de Estados Unidos de 2019, priorizando acuerdos directos de suministro con socios y refinadores, en…

By selling directly to refiners and joint-venture partners, Venezuela captures higher realized prices while reshaping crude trading flows and Gulf Coast refining economics.