Abhay Karandikar, Member, NITI Aayog, and former Secretary, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, has said that India has evolved from a centre for frugal innovation into an emerging deep-tech powerhouse through sustained policy support and investments during the last decades. Transformative national initiatives such as the National Quantum Mission, IndiaAI Mission, India Semiconductor Mission, National Supercomputing Mission, BioE3 Policy, Green Hydrogen Mission and the Anusandhan National Research Foundation have created unprecedented opportunities for young researchers and innovators, he added.