The phrase “education transformation” has become a staple of policy documents, conference themes, ministerial speeches, and strategic plans.Governments promise it. Schools aspire to it. International organisations advocate for it. Yet, amid the enthusiasm, an important question remains: What does education transformation truly mean?Far too often, transformation is mistaken for modernisation. A school receives new computers, installs smart boards, or adopts an online learning platform, and suddenly it is described as "transformed".