New research into the crisis afflicting the City of Johannesburg warns that the widening structural imbalance between the metro’s operating expenditure and capital expenditure (capex) poses a threat to long-term service delivery. Produced by Genesis Analytics, and presented recently to Business Leadership South Africa by Lael Bethlehem, the analysis shows that, in real terms, the city’s operating expenditure had grown by 92.5% since 2010, while capital investment had contracted by 12.8%.