How the global race for lithium, cobalt and rare earths is reshaping geopolitics, AI, clean energy and defence — with the Gulf emerging as a key player.

China, the US, Russia and the Gulf are competing for Africa's minerals, ports and influence. A guide to the new scramble for Africa and what is at stake.

As the global economy shifts towards cleaner energy systems, electrification and digital technologies, more countries are competing for access to critical minerals. Clean…