Stay up to date with notifications from The IndependentNotifications can be managed in browser preferences.AllNewsSportCultureLifestyleThe findings emerge just days after an amendment to remove the criminal defence of ‘reasonable punishment’ for children was abandoned in Northern Ireland (Getty Images/iStockphoto)Researchers have criticised the failure to outlaw smacking in England and Northern Ireland, calling it a "huge missed opportunity and deeply disappointing". A new analysis by University College London (UCL), supported by the NSPCC, found that physical punishment is linked to poorer academic results and increased antisocial behaviour in children. The UCL study revealed that children in England who experienced physical punishment were significantly more likely to fail key GCSEs and engage in aggressive behaviour by age 14. While Wales and Scotland have banned all forms of corporal punishment, England and Northern Ireland continue to retain the legal defence of "reasonable punishment". Despite calls from children's commissioners for a wholesale ban, the Department for Education stated it has no plans to legislate on smacking in England at this stage. In fullSmacking children linked to poorer education and behaviour problems, study revealsThank you for registeringPlease refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in

Not outlawing smacking is a ‘huge missed opportunity and deeply disappointing’, according to researchers

Children who are smacked by their parents are more likely to fail their exams and become bullies, new research has found.