Building Reflective Prompt Optimization with GEPA: Multi-Component Prompts, Structured Feedback, and Held-Out Validation

In this tutorial, we use GEPA as a reflective prompt-evolution framework to improve how a small language model solves multi-step arithmetic word problems. We start from a weak seed prompt, build a deterministic benchmark, and define a structured evaluator that returns actionable feedback. A multi-component setup evolves both the instruction field and the output-format rules together. We then compare the baseline and optimized prompts on a held-out validation set to check whether the gains generalize.

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