How the Gulf became indispensable to India’s rise

For most of the modern era, the Gulf states’ relationship with India was limited. The Gulf was seen largely only as a place to buy oil and send workers for remittances. More than two decades after the first India-Gulf Cooperation Council political dialogue in 2003, however, the Gulf is now stitched into the fabric of India’s growth story. New Delhi’s energy security, infrastructure financing, physical trade routes, current account, defense posture and strategic hedge against a slowing China all now run through Gulf capitals. The energy relationship is the most visible example of this.

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